Which statement best describes the Leeward Side of a mountain?

The correct statement regarding the Leeward Side of a mountain is that it is the side protected from the prevailing wind. When air masses encounter a mountain, they are forced to rise, which leads to cooling and condensation, resulting in precipitation on the windward side—the side facing the wind. As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms adiabatically, leading to drier conditions. This phenomenon is known as a rain shadow effect, which is characteristic of the leeward side.

The other statements do not accurately describe the leeward side of a mountain. The side that receives the most rainfall is the windward side, where the moisture-laden clouds are forced to rise and cool. The side exposed to the prevailing wind is also the windward side, while the highest elevation does not specifically pertain to the leeward side, as both the windward and leeward sides can have varying elevations. Thus, the leeward side is distinct in being sheltered from the prevailing winds and typically experiences less precipitation.